Damailah Papuaku, Tetaplah menjadi bagian NKRI

Class Review 10

            Setelah satu minggu tanpa menulis class review, akhirnya malam ini saya harus berperang kembali dengan tulisan. Laptop, pulpen, buku, teks “Don’t Use Your Data as Your Pillow”, dan tidak lupa modem yang telah diisi kuota menjadi alat tempur saya untuk mengerjakan class review. Kini materi yang dijelaskan oleh Pak Lala sudah sangat menjurus ke argumentative essay. Ini berarti kami diharuskan untuk lebih rajin dalam membaca. Menurut Lehtonen, sensasi yang menyenangkan ketika membaca itu adalah disaat kita menemukan hal-hal baru.

            Pertama kali ketika mendengar kata argumentative essay, pastinya langsung berfikiran tentang argumen atau pendapat, dan tentunya  akan lebih sulit dari critical review karena pada argumentative essay, penulis harus membujuk audiens Anda untuk mempertimbangkan sudut pandang Anda, bahkan jika mereka mungkin tidak setuju dengan Anda.
Hal ini membutuhkan beberapa perawatan dan keterampilan: Anda perlu menunjukkan rasa hormat karena menentang sudut pandang, Anda harus memilih kosa kata dengan hati-hati, dan, di atas semua, Anda harus menulis dengan jelas dan logis.

             Argumentative essay adalah genre penulisan yang mengharuskan siswa untuk menyelidiki topik; mengumpulkan, menghasilkan, dan mengevaluasi bukti; dan membangun posisi pada topik secara ringkas. Beberapa kebingungan mungkin terjadi antara argumentative essay dan expository essay. Kedua genre serupa, tetapi argumentative essay berbeda dari ekspository essay dalam jumlah pra-menulis (penemuan) dan penelitian yang terlibat. Argumentative essay umumnya ditugaskan sebagai batu penjuru atau tugas akhir secara tertulis tahun pertama atau kursus komposisi maju dan melibatkan waktu yang panjang, penelitian rinci. Ekspository essay melibatkan penelitian kurang dan lebih pendek panjang. Ekspositori essay sering digunakan untuk latihan menulis di kelas atau tes, seperti GED atau GRE.

            Argumentative essay terdiri dari:

·       Introduction

Untuk menarik perhatian pembaca, memusatkan perhatian pembaca kepada argumen yang akan disampaikan, atau menunjukkan dasar-dasar mengapa argumentasi dikemukakan.

·       Body

Untuk membuktikan kebenaran yang akan disampaikan dalam paragraf argumentasi sehingga kesimpulan yang akan dicapai juga benar. Kebenaran yang disampaikan dalam tubuh argument harus dianalisis, disusun, dan dikemukakan dengan mengadakan observasi, eksperimen, penyusun fakta, dan jalan pikiran yang logis.

·       Conclusion

Untuk membuktikan kepada pembaca bahwa kebenaran yang ingin disampaikan melalui proses penalaran memang dapat diterima sebagai sesuatu yang logis.

            Define the topic

Ø  West Papua

            West Papua Province (Indonesian: Provinsi Papua Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It covers the western peninsula of the island of New Guinea. Its capital is Manokwari and the 2010 census recorded a population of 760,855.

            Prior to 2007, the province was known as West Irian Jaya (Indonesian: Irian Jaya Barat). The region covers the Bird's Head (Doberai) and Bomberai peninsulas and the surrounding islands of Raja Ampat. With a population of 760,855, it is the least populous province of Indonesia.

            Even after Indonesia's independence in 1949, Irian Jaya was retained by the Dutch for various reasons. However, Indonesia claimed all of the territory of the former Dutch East Indies, including the Dutch New Guinea holdings, so it invaded Irian Jaya in 1961. It was agreed that the UN should oversee a plebiscite of the people of West Papua, in which they would be given two choices: to remain part of Indonesia or to become an independent nation. This vote was referred to as the 'Act of Free Choice'. However, the vote was instead conducted by musyawarah, or consensus of elders, with approximately 1,000 men selected by the Indonesian military. This body was coerced into unanimously voting to remain part of Indonesia, and became the province of Irian Jaya, later Papua. The result of the vote was rejected by Papuan nationalists, who established the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The independence movement for West Papua has continued, primarily through peaceful protest and international pressure, but also guerrilla warfare against Indonesian administration

            West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat; it was later renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. In November 2004, an Indonesian court agreed that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, the court ruled that because the new province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also prohibited the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, as that division had not yet been formalised. The split is in line with the general trend of provincial splits that is occurring in all parts of Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. The new province has so far been widely supported by the province's inhabitants, as the new entity created more jobs and more government subsidies flowing into the province.

            The province changed its name to "West Papua" on 7 February 2007. The new name applies from that date, but a plenary session of the provincial legislative council is required to legalise the change of name, and the government needs to then issue a regulation.

Ø  NKRI

            NKRI is a unitary republic with a decentralized system (pasal 18 UUD 1945), in which local governments broad autonomy to run outside the realm of government prescribed by law as the affairs of the central government.

            Based on the history of the Nation of Indonesia, at the time of the commencement of forced cultivation (Stelsel Culture) in 1615 by the Netherlands has led to the destruction of the structure of the native owned land, where the native land as the basic capital in running activities. With the applied forced cultivation has changed the types of plants indigenous to the type of plants imported from Europe postscript is not controlled by natives, this causes the natives are no longer able to manage its land and do not understand the types of plants that come from Europe, so the natives fooled by that time, impoverished, backward and oppressed. This is then utilized by the Dutch government to build the so-called Dutch East Indies in order to regulate the increasingly oppressed indigenous life, which eventually came to pass peonage system to explore crops in Indonesia.

            In the early 1900s the Dutch East Indies government implements policy ethis as a favor to the native form by providing a system of education in Indonesia. However, because of the cost charged to get the education is too expensive, not all natives were able to enjoy education applied in Indonesia. From this social strata in the  life of Indonesian society awakened. The form the social strata has been positioned the natives as the majority are to the bottom of the class, a class on it is his noble patrician-natives and the immigrants from East Asia (China, India, Arab, etc.), then the top class is the Europeans and the other white skin. It makes the natives as the majority of the more stupid, impoverished, backward and oppressed. So in 1908, Dr. Soetomoe build up education for natives people on an informal basis and free of charge with the name Budi Utomo as a concern for the increasingly oppressed natives. At the end of the natives education was continued by Ki Hajar Dewantara by founding in 1920 Student Park formally, indigenous education run by Dr. Soetomoe and Ki Hajar Dewantara raised souls nationality and unity to take the fight to the Netherlands, which eventually accumulate the birth of the Nation of Indonesia on October 28, 1928 through Sumpah Pemuda moment in Pemuda congress II in Jakarta from Jong-jong or youth from various islands in Indonesia, which has a commitment to raise the dignity of people living Indonesian (natives). Indonesian nation was born on October 28, 1928 and then work together to organize resistance to the Dutch for independence of Indonesia and less then 17 years 2 months 11 days or less precisely on August 17, 1945 over the grace of of Allah SWT, the Indonesian nation to achieve independence in the form of text Proclamation read by Dwi-Tunggal Soekarno-Hatta. The next day, on August 18, 1945 the Indonesian nation to form a State constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the ratification of the Constitution of 1945 as a basic rule in the life of the nation.

Ø  Integrate (bergabung)

            Many people, especially of indigenous Papuans themselves, not find out that there are some young Papuans were present and to witness the Sumpah Pemuda event. This is caused by the lack of historical search conducted by the Indonesian government. Therefore, it is used OPM to spread the lie that there is no representative of Papua in the event of the Sumpah Pemuda. Ramses Ohee, chairman custom of Tobati-Enggros, ever admitted that her parents, Abner and Orpah Ohee Pallo, ever contributed to the representative of Papua in the Youth Congress in 1928 even though they are members of the organization Jong Ambon. Means it can be concluded that in the past the people of Papua ever egreed to vowed bertumpah darah satu, tanah air Indonesia, berbangsa satu, bangsa Indonesia, dan menjunjung tinggi bahasa persatuan yakni bahasa Indonesia. People of Papua have long used Malay that will be Indonesian since not officially join Indonesia.

            In 1969, they held PEPERA conducted by 9 committese which has been inaugurated by DPRD. This committee immediately contact the Papuan community leaders to immediately join the DMP (Dewan Musyawarah PEPERA). PEPERA is followed by 1026 members of the DMP was the representative of the people of West Papua from 8 districts. Most of the representatives who attended choose united with NKRI.

            Results of PEPERA then handed over to Dr. Fernando Ortiz Sanz (PBB representative to oversee PEPERA) to be reported at the time of the 24th Session of PBB in November 19, Many as 84 of PBB member states approved the incorporation of West Papua into Indonesia, only 30 countries that abstained and no single country not agree. The Dutch themselves show some respect the decision of the people of West Papua.

Limit the topic

            West Papua should still integrate with Indonesia. T here are many reasons; education, natural sources, culture and history.

Analysis the topic

            Should West Papua still integrate with Indonesia?

Yes, because of many reasons; first reason is education. It seems impossible that education is undervalued owned by citizens of Papua, Papua could lead his own country. Second reason is natural sources. With abundant natural resources, Papua could not cultivate their own natural resources. Third reason is culture. Papua has contributed a lot of cultures to Indonesia. The last reason is history. Indonesia and Papua ever colonize by Dutch colonial though it has different time.  

Thesis statement

            In order to completely understand about the problem why west papua should still integrate with NKRI because of many reasons; education, natural resources, culture, history, art, economi and politic.

OUTLINE

SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT STILL MAINTAINING PAPUA AS A PART OF NKRI?

            Introduction

            West Papua is the western part of the island of New Guinea. Directly adjacent to the independent state of Papua New Guinea and became part of Indonesia after going through a process that is discredited, known as the ‘Act of Free Choice’ (Act of Free Choice) in 1969. NKRI is a unitary republic with a decentralized system (pasal 18 UUD 1945), in which local governments broad autonomy to run outside the realm of government prescribed by law as the affairs of the central government. In order to completely understand about the problem why west papua should still integrate with NKRI because of many reasons; education, natural resources, culture, and history.

            Body

1.     Education

According to  www.papuaweb.org/dlib/lap/sullivan/id/afirmatif.rtf

-        75% of Papuans do not have good access education and average years of schooling achieved is 5,5 years.

-        50% of the indigenous people of Papua have never received formal education or completes the primary education.

-        22% of Papuans who graduated Primary School.

-        10% of Papuans who graduated Junior High School.

-        2% of Papuans who graduated University.

2.     Natural sources

According to  http://www.anneahira.com/papua.htm

-        West Papua (the Triton bay) has 959 species of reef fish and 471 species of coral

-        Papua's forests have an area of 31 million hectares

-        natural forests of Papua has 70 types of timber trade

-        From the Gold & Copper, Freeport 1 Day get 116 Billion

-        (http://ekonomi.kompasiana.com/bisnis/2012/11/12/tragis-dari-emas-dan-tembaga-1-hari-freeport-raup-116-milyar-502669.html)

-        Total flora of Papua predicted 20000-25000 types (Jhons, 1997)

-        In Papua, there are approximately 110 species of mammals.

-        (www.artikelbiologi.com)

3.     Culture

-        Papua has 248 regional languages.

(http://koekoeh.wordpress.com/2008/03/24/melihat-papua-dari-bahasa-sebuah-pengantar/)

-        Papua has 1068 indigenous tribe Papua.

(http://www.papua.go.id/bps/LEFT%20FRAME%20WEB%202005/PENDUDUK/SUKU%20BANGSA%20ASLI%20PAPUA%20MENURUT%20URUTAN%20ABJAD.htm)

4.     History

-        PEPERA

-        TRIKORA

-        KMB

-        New York Declaration

Conclusion

            Papua should still integrate with NKRI everything happens because NKRI is from Sabang until Merauke and it is never change.

            Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam menulis argumentative essay bukanlah hal yang mudah karena sebelumnya penulis harus melakukan research yang panjang dan mendalaminya. Sebagai warga negara yang baik dan cinta tanah air Indonesia, wajib hukumnya untuk mendukung Papua tetap menjadi bagian NKRI, karena bila Papua memisahkan diri dari NKRI dan menjadi negara merdeka maka NKRI akan kehilangan mutiara yang sangat berharga dan bahkan mutiara tersebut akan jatuh ketangan asing yang ingin menguasai Papua. Untuk itu pemerintah harus menunjukan kepeduliannya terhadap Papua, seperti memperbaiki infrastruktur pembangunan, ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan sebagainya.