Here I made my critical review paper on
the historyes Columbus
and Howadr Zinn
also which I
will discuss it with
me and his best
his best I make this
critical review. Howard Zinn died at the age of 87
on January 27, 2010. “They’re willing to let people think about mild
reforms and little changes, and incremental changes, but they don’t want people
to think that we could actually transform this country. Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo;
Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; (born between October
31, 1450 and October 30, 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer,
navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of Genoa (Italy),Under the
auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across
the Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American
continents. Those voyages, and his efforts to establish permanent settlements
on the island of Hispaniola, initiated the Spanish colonization of the New
World. That's my introduction about Howard
Zinn and Columbus.
Summary
First. Howard Zinn pointed out himself when prove that
the books read major effect on the mindset and life. Small began when Howard
Zinn began to idolize the world to read. At that time he read the New York Post
that presents Dickens. Reading Dickens little while they would produce a great
effect in thought Howard Zinn. As an adult, Howard Zinn is an aircraft crew is
aiming bombs in World War II. When it is Howard Zinn did not know what was
happening in people's lives when the bomb was dropped. This is because it is
located at an altitude of 30,000 feet. Howard Zinn was guilty of killing the
innocent but she remained still do not understand what he had done. After the
war, Howard Zinn read the book by John Hersey's "Hiroshima". After
reading it he knows what happens to humans when the bomb was dropped. In
addition to the book by John Hersey, Dalton Trumbo's novel Johnny Got His titled
Gun also inspires Howard Zinn. Since then he quit his job as a crew war United
State.
Howard Zinn grew up in the immigrant slums of Brooklyn
where he worked in shipyards in his late teens. He saw combat duty as an air
force bombardier in World War II, and afterward received his doctorate in
history from Columbia University and was a postdoctoral Fellow in East Asian
Studies at Harvard University. His first book, Laguardia In Congress, was an
Albert Beveridge Prize winner. In 1956, he moved with his wife and children to
Atlanta to become chairman of the history department of Spelman College. His
experiences there led to his second book, The Southern Mystique. As a
participant-observer in the founding activities of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee, he spent time in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, and
wrote Sncc: The New Abolitionists. As part of the American Heritage series, he
edited New Deal Thought, an anthology. His fifth and six books, Vietnam: The
Logic of Withdrawal and Disobedience and Democracy, were written in the midst
of his participation in intense antiwar activity. In 1968, he flew to Hanoi
with Father Daniel Berrigan to receive the first three American fliers released
by North Vietnam. Two years later came The Politics Of History. In 1972, he
edited, with Noam Chomsky, The Pentagon Papers: Critical Essays. In 1973
appeared Postwar America. In 1974, he edited Justice In Everyday Life. In 1980
came his epic masterpiece, A People’s History of The United States, “a
brilliant and moving history of the American people from the point of view of
those who have been exploited politically and economically and whose plight has
been largely omitted from most histories” (Library Journal). Through the 1980s
and ’90s, Zinn continued to write books — including Declarations of
Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology, Failure To Quit: Reflections
Of An Optimistic Historian and You Can’t Be Neutral On A Moving Train: A
Personal History Of Our Times and in this period also wrote three plays: Emma,
Daughter Of Venus and Marx In Soho.
Second. As the lasting impact of A People’s History set in, the monumental
work inspired publication for many different audiences: La Otra Historia De Los
Estados Unidos brought Zinn’s words to Spanish-speaking audiences in 2001; a
companion book of primary sources edited with Anthony Arnove, Voices Of A
People’s History Of The United States, was published in 2004; and in 2007 young
adults were exposed to the historian’s ideas through the two-volume A Young
People’s History Of The United States, adapted with Rebecca Stefoff (with a
single-volume edition released in 2009). An audio CD, Readings from Voices of a
People’s History Of The United States, and a documentary film, The People
Speak, have brought the historic words of Zinn’s subjects to multimedia
audiences. Other recent Zinn books include Howard Zinn On History, Howard Zinn
On War, Terrorism And War With Anthony Arnove, The Unraveling Of The Bush
Presidency and A Power Governments Cannot Suppress.
Third. Christopher Columbus (Italian:
Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; (born between
October 31, 1450 and October 30, 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian
explorer, navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of
Genoa (Italy). Under the auspices of the Catholic
Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the
Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American
continents. Those voyages, and his efforts to establish permanent
settlements on the island of Hispaniola, initiated the Spanish colonization of
the New World.
In the context of emerging western imperialism
and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through
the establishment of trade routes and colonies, Columbus'
speculative proposal, to reach the East Indies
by sailing westward, eventually received the support of the Spanish crown,
which saw in it a chance to gain the upper hand over rival powers in the
contest for the lucrative spice trade with Asia. During his first
voyage in 1492, instead of reaching Japan as he had intended, Columbus landed
in the Bahamas
archipelago, at a locale he named San Salvador. Over the course of
three more voyages, Columbus visited the Greater
and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean
coast of Venezuela
and Central America, claiming them for the Spanish
Empire. Though Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach
the Americas (having been preceded by the Norse
expedition led by Leif Ericson in the 11th century), Columbus'
voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas,
inaugurating a period of European exploration, conquest, and colonization that
lasted for several centuries. They had, therefore, an enormous impact in the
historical development of the modern Western world. Columbus himself saw his
accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the
Christian religion. Never admitting that he had reached a continent
previously unknown to Europeans, rather than the East Indies he had set out
for, Columbus called the inhabitants of the lands he visited Indies (Spanish
for "Indians").
Columbus' strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed
colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor
of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola
in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits which Columbus
and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown. When Columbus started evil and cruel rape princess began Columbus live in Spain Columbus raping the daughter of one of the Spanish nobleman who was aged 13 years. Courts cannot decide he should be put to death. Occur in 1491 and a priest named Father Perez mediate on behalf of Columbus and Queen Isabella pleads with to fund Columbus, if he managed to be able to convert the native Christians, and finally Queen Isabella sent him on a mission looking for a new continent (when the main goal is seek India) and the hope, Columbus cannot go back. When finally Columbus first landed in America Blue Continent, Columbus thought that the land he was stepped on Indian soil. At that time the natives greeted Columbus with joy. In his diary, Columbus admit, that when he arrived in the East Indies (when it was still believed he had found India, not America), he tortured the natives, hang, and whip him, only after the information is very important to him that: "Where there gold?. Helen Ellerbe, in "The Dark Side of Christian History" illustrates that Columbus fury. In addition to torture, he also frequently raped indigenous women, and whips them to get their sheer pleasure he wanted.
Critique
Howard Zinn is a historical activist who like superhero comes to save the
people who have been deceived in the hypnotic power of Christopher
Columbus. Howard Zinn was able to
straighten out the problems existing in the world despite the opposition from
some quarters and certain parties. Zinn capabilities so remarkable at all, he
was able to reveal the lies perpetrated by Columbus claiming to be the inventor
of the first American continent which apparently it a lie and a lot of evidence
to say that Columbus is the umpteenth time to set foot in America, a cruel,
pirates, rapists and other. Zinn is a matter
of ideological alignments in the writing of history. In the words of Zinn, any
particular emphasis in the writing of history would support an interest. Can
political, economic, racial or national. But unfortunately in the historical
narrative, this bias is not as bright as in the writing of the map. Historian
writes as if any reader has a single common interest. The particular writers seemed to forget that
the production of knowledge is a tool of combat in the antagonism between
social classes, races, nations or people.
Conclusion:
Howard Zinn is a historian known for its very large write a classic text from the United States
and Columbus is Columbus is an evil man who likes killing and raping human mencumbuk native women.
Reference
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