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Kamis, 27 Maret 2014

The Hidden of History



critical review

History is important. If you don't know history it is as if you were born yesterday. And ifyou were born yesterday, anybody up there in a position of power can tell you anything, and you have no way of checking up on it.”
Howard Zinn
America is a country that is very influential on the progress of other countries around the world . Can be regarded as its central or industrial activities .the  Countries often called Uncle Sam 's country must pass through a long period before becoming one of the developed countries . Land covers an area of ​​42,188,000 km / This facet was discovered by one of the inventors known by his findings . He is the Christopher colombus  . The news for this he is known as the inventor of the Americas . on the basis of my big curiosity , I tried to do research using data taken from high school students majoring ips . In the research , I use the method of taking the most votes and using the following questions : "Do you think Christopher colombus it was a discoverer of the United States or not ? After the results were collected 26 from 39 the number of students answered " yes " , 7 students answered no , and the rest answered " do not know " . From a little research it can be concluded that as long as they know that the inventor of the American continent was Christopher colombus . I wonder who is wrong in teaching a history lesson  , it could be because the history teacher who did not want to know the real historical and just swallow it away or only do they know ? Waalahualambisowaf . And now little by little we began know the real history by Howard Zinn entitled speaking the truth the power of books . In the article , he quotes a bit about the inventor of the Americas of the contents as follows : " Columbus the hero , the great Discoverer Columbus , Columbus the pious Bible reader . To read about Columbus as a murderer , a torturer , a kidnapper , a mutilator of native people , a hypocrite , a greedy man looking for gold , willing to kill people and mutilate people - it was shocking . " Words taken from the book entitled A people's History of the United States drew criticism from people all over the world are proof he said " When my book , A people's History of the United States came out , I began to get mail from around the country . I found that most of the mail dealt with the first chapter of the book , the which of course made ​​me very suspicious " . On that basis , here I am trying to uncover who the colombus  and some other facts that were never delivered by Howard Zinn in some of his writings.
Summary
In his work entitled A People's History of the United States , Howard Zinn wrote a few things about the inventor of the Americas . The first , Zinn informed that most colombus want it is to find out the existence of gold . Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance an expedition to the lands , the wealth , he expected to be available on the other side of the Atlantic - the Indies and Asia , which has the result of gold and spices were quite abundant . Second , Zinn said that Columbus would never have made ​​it to Asia , which was thousands of miles farther than that calculated , imagining a smaller world . As for the latter , Zinn wrote that the first person who saw the land should get an annual pension of 10,000 Maravedis to support life , but Rodrigo who was the first to see the ground and never got Columbus claimed he had seen a light the evening before.
Critique
There are three points on Columbus that are neglected in Zinn 's article . First , Zinn did not actually read the captain's log . He red a translation of a partial copy of the log that Bartolomé Las Casas made ​​in the 1530s . Century ago lost the original log . For centuries there was a lot of portraits taken of Columbus , and they all look different because no one really knows what it looks like Columbus . He may not have a portrait made ​​while still alive . Columbus and the birth year of birth has survived controversy . The standard view is that Columbus was born in Genoa , part of today's Italy , around 1451 , give or take a year , but there is the argument that Columbus was Spanish , Portuguese , Jewish , and several other European countries . in a book entitled A People's History of the United States It may be unfair to expose to critical scrutiny of a work patched together from secondary sources , widely used uncritically ( Jennings , Williams ) , others broken for material torn out of context ( Young , Pike ) . Every careful reader will notice that Zinn was a foreigner evidence bearing on the people about whom he intended to write . But only a critic who knows the source device will recognize the complex array of misleading its pages . On the other hand , the book is easy to eliminate anything that does not fit their main thesis . It would be a mistake , however , to regard Zinn just as anti - American . Brendan Behan once observed that whoever hated America hated mankind , and hatred of the human race is the dominant tone of Zinn 's book.
Second , a political science professor at Boston University did not reveal who the actual inventor . One source said that a copy of the 600 year old map found in a flea bookstore threatened status of Columbus as the discoverer of America. Also be the key to proving that people from the Chinese Foreign continent was first discovered . The document purported to be from some time in the 18th century , which is a copy of the 1418 map made ​​Admiral Zheng He , a Muslim Chinese admiral , who shows details of ' new world ' in some sides . Claims evidence that Chinese admiral mapped the Western Hemisphere ( Western Hemisphere ) more than 70 years before Columbus , is one of the claims published author Gavin Menzies in his new book , " Who Discovered America ? ' " Traditional story that Columbus discovered the ' new world ' is a sheer fantasy , " he said as published by the Daily Mail , October 8, 2013 . He even believes , Columbus has a current copy of the map of Cheng Ho sailed the oceans to America . Menzies also said China's fleet of majestic ships that Zheng He led sail around the mainland of South America , 100 years before Ferdinand Megellan - the first to sail from Europe to Asia , the first European to sail the Pacific Ocean , and the first to lead an expedition that aims around the globe . Furthermore , Menzies claims , the first settlers of the Western Hemisphere did not come from the ' Bridge the Bering Strait ' , but the Chinese sailors who first crossed the Pacific Ocean about 40 thousand years ago . He also wrote , DNA markers prove American Indians and other natives are descendants of settlers from Asia . Claims that Zheng He discovered America , not just this time revealed Menzies . He never publish it in 2002. The difference, in his latest book , he included a copy of the map found a lawyer in Beijing , Liu Gang at a flea book - which he claims to strengthen his theory .
Third , Zinn also does not explain how the end conditions of Colombus . When Columbus sailed back to Spain , he gave a warning to the people in the castle . They amount to approximately their original hosts behave themselves and find gold . The people in the fort , being creatures of their age , act normal during the fifteenth century Spanish people around the female nude and gold . According Guacanagarí , they fought each other at Columbus ship is out of sight . Some seized about five women respectively as their concubines while others marauded around the island to find the village with gold . Their dispute reached a climax when the two Spaniards to kill one another , then eleven of them lined up around the island where they thought it was a gold mine . Some have left the castle forever , start your own business in the land of naked women and gold . Some have already died due to illness . Only God knows what predatory excesses accompanied their travels around the island , but their acceptance in " mining area " was most likely not welcome , because they have Caonabo , the cacique that ruled there . Caonabo not Taino , but of a less gentle Macorix ethnic groups . He did not suffer long- Spanish predators . He killed them , and then march to the fort Columbus . The Spaniards left has taken up residence in the village Guacanagarí with their concubines . Caonabo have burned villages in the night raid . Only eleven Spaniards remained , and eight people died of drowning when they tried to escape . Guacanagarí seems to have tried to protect the people of Spain as his village burned and injured . Columbus passion for gold is more than just greed . He was invested with supernatural , divine qualities . Not long before he died he wrote : " Gold is the most precious of all commodities ; . Gold is a treasure , and he who has to have everything he needs in the world , as well as how to save souls from purgatory , and return them to the pleasures of heaven "
Columbus really think that gold is a ticket to heaven . Columbus eventually fell out of favor with the Crown , and Francisco de Bobadilla and Nicolás de Ovando succeeded Columbus as governor of Española in 1500 and 1501 . Española destruction continues, and Ovando even more cruel than Columbus . Mine was working furiously and native dying at an incredible rate . In 1503, southeastern and southwestern region of the island was not fully conquered . Leading the southwestern region , which is known as Xaragua , was Anacaona , widow highly respected Caonabo , political leaders who accept the gift of shiny handcuffs .

Conclusion
There are two basic points that can be concluded from Zinn 's article entitled Speaking Truth The Power of The Book . First , the writings that have been made ​​must be read by the reader and give effect to the reader . As Zinn said " There's something that can do the important posts , in addition to of all other things . This was put into words by Kurt Vonnegut , which often asked , " Why do you write ? " Vonnegut would say, " I write so you will know there are people who feel the way you do about the world , that you are not alone . " It is a very important thing to achieve , to have people feel that they are not alone . And that's something for you also , writers . Second , to find out about the history we can not just read one of the books written by others . Why is that ? Because history has a subjective element related to the author's background . Therefore , as a man who has a sense, we have to look at exactly the contents of the book we read and look for references to evidence from the text.
References
Anthropology off the Shelf
Anthropology off the Shelf: Anthropologists on Writing Edited by Alisse Waterston and Maria D. Vesperi
© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-18920-0
Editorial Offi ces
350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
 Zinn Howard A People’s History of the United States, 1492-Present

http://www.ahealedplanet.net/columbus.htm

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